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This is a list of all astronauts directly associated with NASA's Apollo program. A total of thirty-eight astronauts flew in an Apollo spacecraft, twenty-nine of whom were part of the Apollo program, the rest being Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz astronauts. Twenty-four of the Apollo program astronauts left Earth's orbit and flew around the Moon (Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 did not leave low Earth orbit). Twelve of those astronauts landed on the Moon and walked on its surface, and six of those drove a lunar rover on the Moon. While three astronauts had flown to the Moon twice, none of them landed on the Moon more than once. The nine Apollo missions to the moon all occurred between December 1968 and December 1972. Apart from those twenty-four people who visited the moon, no human being has ever left low Earth orbit. They have, therefore, been farther from the Earth than anyone else. They are also the only people to have seen the far side of the Moon directly. The twelve who walked on the moon are the only people ever to have set foot on an astronomical object other than the Earth. Project Apollo fatalitiesAlthough there were no in-flight fatalities in the Apollo program, three astronauts died in a training accident in what was later called Apollo 1. They were trapped in a capsule on the launch pad when a fire broke out. The 100 percent oxygen atmosphere and flammable materials were cited as factors worsening the wiring-short sparked fire, while the hatch design precluded any hope of a timely escape. Numerous redesigns were incorporated into the spacecraft before manned flights resumed.
Other related fatalities in the Apollo program
People who have walked on the MoonAs of 2009, twelve people have walked on the Moon. No one has walked on the Moon since 1972.
Regarding "the last man to walk on the moon", Schmitt is the last man to arrive (as Cernan got out of the Apollo Lunar Module first), but Cernan is the last man to leave (after final EVA, Schmitt went inside the module first). Duke was the youngest, at age 36 (+6mo); Shepard was the oldest, at age 47 (+2mo). James A. Lovell, John Young, and Eugene Cernan are the only three astronauts to fly more than one lunar mission (two each). Of these three, only Lovell did not walk on the lunar surface. Lovell and Fred Haise were prevented from walking on the Moon by the malfunction on Apollo 13 that resulted in the mission being aborted. Joe Engle had also trained to explore the Moon with Cernan as the backup crew for Apollo 14, but Engle was later replaced by geologist Harrison Schmitt when the primary crew for Apollo 17 was selected. Schmitt had been crewed with Dick Gordon in anticipation for Apollo 18. But when Apollo 18 was canceled, Schmitt bumped Engle, leaving Gordon as the last Apollo astronaut who had trained extensively for lunar exploration without ever getting a chance to fly a lunar landing. People who flew around the Moon without landingOn each of the missions listed above one astronaut orbited the Moon while the other two landed. In addition each of the Apollo 8, Apollo 10, and Apollo 13 missions had a three-person crew and closely encountered the Moon (entering orbit in the case of the former two missions, while Apollo 13 only passed around it). Thus twelve more people have been within a few hundred kilometres of the Moon (along with Young and Cernan who flew out to the Moon and back without landing, but landed on subsequent missions):
Other Apollo astronautsApollo 7 and Apollo 9 orbited the Earth only; therefore these five Apollo astronauts never went to the Moon:
(David Scott from Apollo 9 went on to land on the Moon in Apollo 15.) Backup crewmembers who never flew an Apollo flightEach Apollo flight had a backup crew who trained to carry out the mission if the original crew was unable to fly. Only one backup crew member was ever used: Jack Swigert switched places with Ken Mattingly after Mattingly had been exposed to German measles a few days prior to the launch of Apollo 13. (Mattingly later flew aboard Apollo 16). However, shortly before the launch of Apollo 17, Eugene Cernan badly injured his leg playing softball and only just recovered in time for the mission. Had he been unable to fly he would have been replaced by back-up commander John Young, who would have become the only man to walk on the moon twice and would have done so on consecutive missions.
Astronauts who flew on Apollo, listed by classFrom the Mercury Seven
From Astronaut Group 2
From Astronaut Group 3
From Astronaut Group 4 From Astronaut Group 5
In addition, the following astronauts flew on post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware: From the Mercury Seven From Astronaut Group 4 From Astronaut Group 5
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Published in July 2009. Click here to read more articles related to aviation and space!
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