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Timeline of Solar System exploration |
By
Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_planetary_exploration A timeline of Solar System exploration listed by date of spacecraft launch.
Missions in italics are unfinished, i.e. have not yet been designated as successes or failures.
1950s
- Sputnik 2 - 3 November 1957 - Earth Orbiter
- Vanguard TV3 - 6 December 1957 - Attempted Earth Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- 1958
- Explorer 1 - 1 February 1958 - Earth Orbiter
- Vanguard 1 - 17 March 1958 - Earth Orbiter
- Pioneer 0 - 17 August 1958 - Attempted Lunar Orbit (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1958A - 23 September 1958 - Attempted Lunar Impact? (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer 1 - 11 October 1958 - Attempted Lunar Orbit (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1958B - 12 October 1958 - Attempted Lunar Impact? (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer 2 - 8 November 1958 - Attempted Lunar Orbit (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1959A - 16 June 1959 - Attempted Lunar Impact? (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1958C - 4 December 1958 - Attempted Lunar Impact? (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer 3 - 6 December 1958 - Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
- 1959
- Luna 1 - 2 January 1959 - Lunar Flyby (Attempted Lunar Impact?) 1st Lunar Flyby
- Pioneer 4 - 3 March 1959 - Lunar Flyby
- Luna 2 - 12 September 1959 - 1st Lunar Impact
- Luna 3 - 4 October 1959 - Lunar Flyby
- Pioneer P-3 - 26 November 1959 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
1960s
- 1960
- Luna 1960A - 15 April 1960 - Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1960B - 18 April 1960 - Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer P-30 - 25 September 1960 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Marsnik 1 (Mars 1960A) - 10 October 1960 - Attempted Mars Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Marsnik 2 (Mars 1960B) - 14 October 1960 - Attempted Mars Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer P-31 - 15 December 1960 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- 1961
- Sputnik 7 - 4 February 1961 - Attempted Venus Impact
- Venera 1 - 12 February 1961 - Venus Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Vostok 1 - 12 April 1961 - 1st Manned Earth Orbiter
- Ranger 1 - 23 August 1961 - Attempted Lunar Test Flight
- Ranger 2 - 18 November 1961 - Attempted Lunar Test Flight
- 1962
- Ranger 3 - 26 January 1962 - Attempted Lunar Impact
- Ranger 4 - 23 April 1962 - Lunar Impact
- Mariner 1 - 22 July 1962 - Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Sputnik 19 - 25 August 1962 - Attempted Venus Flyby
- Mariner 2 - 27 August 1962 - 1st Successful Venus Flyby - 1st Successful Planetary Encounter
- Sputnik 20 - 1 September 1962 - Attempted Venus Flyby
- Sputnik 21 - 12 September 1962 - Attempted Venus Flyby
- Ranger 5 - 18 October 1962 - Attempted Lunar Impact
- Sputnik 22 - 24 October 1962 - Attempted Mars Flyby
- Mars 1 - 1 November 1962 - Mars Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Sputnik 24 - 4 November 1962 - Attempted Mars Lander
- 1963
- Sputnik 25 - 4 January 1963 - Attempted Lunar Lander
- Luna 1963B - 2 February 1963 - Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Luna 4 - 2 April 1963 - Attempted Lunar Lander
- Cosmos 21 - 11 November 1963 - Attempted Venera Test Flight?
- 1964
- Ranger 6 - 30 January 1964 - Lunar Impact (Cameras Failed)
- Venera 1964A - 19 February 1964 - Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Venera 1964B - 1 March 1964 - Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1964A - 21 March 1964 - Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Cosmos 27 - 27 March 1964 - Attempted Venus Flyby
- Zond 1 - 2 April 1964 - Venus Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Luna 1964B - 20 April 1964 - Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Zond 1964A - 4 June 1964 - Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Ranger 7 - 28 July 1964 - Lunar Impact
- Mariner 3 - 5 November 1964 - Attempted Mars Flyby
- Mariner 4 - 28 November 1964 - 1st Mars Flyby
- Zond 2 - 30 November 1964 - Mars Flyby (Contact Lost)
- 1965
- Ranger 8 - 17 February 1965 - Lunar Impact
- Cosmos 60 - 12 March 1965 - Attempted Lunar Lander
- Ranger 9 - 21 March 1965 - Lunar Impact
- Luna 1965A - 10 April 1965 - Attempted Lunar Lander? (Launch Failure)
- Luna 5 - 9 May 1965 - Lunar Impact (Attempted Soft Landing)
- Luna 6 - 8 June 1965 - Attempted Lunar Lander
- Zond 3 - 18 July 1965 - Lunar Flyby
- Luna 7 - 4 October 1965 - Lunar Impact (Attempted Soft Landing)
- Venera 2 - 12 November 1965 - Venus Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Venera 3 - 16 November 1965 - Venus Lander (Contact Lost) 1st Venus Impact
- Cosmos 96 - 23 November 1965 - Attempted Venus Lander?
- Venera 1965A - 23 November 1965 - Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Luna 8 - 3 December 1965 - Lunar Impact (Attempted Soft Landing?)
- 1966
- Luna 9 - 31 January 1966 - 1st Lunar Lander
- Cosmos 111 - 1 March 1966 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter?
- Luna 10 - 31 March 1966 - 1st Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 1966A - 30 April 1966 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter? (Launch Failure)
- Surveyor 1 - 30 May 1966 - Lunar Lander
- Explorer 33 - 1 July 1966 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 1 - 10 August 1966 - Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 11 - 24 August 1966 - Lunar Orbiter
- Surveyor 2 - 20 September 1966 - Attempted Lunar Lander
- Luna 12 - 22 October 1966 - Lunar Orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 2 - 6 November 1966 - Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 13 - 21 December 1966 - Lunar Lander
- 1967
 | |
Zond 5 First lunar flyby and return to Earth |
- Zond 1967A - 28 September 1967 - Attempted Lunar Test Flight (Launch Failure)
- Surveyor 6 - 7 November 1967 - Lunar Lander
- Zond 1967B - 22 November 1967 - Attempted Lunar Test Flight (Launch Failure)
- 1968
- Surveyor 7 - 7 January 1968 - Lunar Lander
- Luna 1968A - 7 February 1968 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Zond 4 - 2 March 1968 - Test Flight
- Luna 14 - 7 April 1968 - Lunar Orbiter
- Zond 1968A - 23 April 1968 - Attempted Lunar Test Flight? (Launch Failure)
- Zond 5 - 15 September 1968 - 1st Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Zond 6 - 10 November 1968 - Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Apollo 8 - 21 December 1968 - 1st Manned Lunar Orbiter
- 1969
- Venera 5 - 5 January 1969 - Venus Probe
- Venera 6 - 10 January 1969 - Venus Probe
- Zond 1969A - 20 January 1969 - Attempted Lunar Flyby and Return (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1969A - 19 February 1969 - Attempted Lunar Rover? (Launch Failure)
- Zond L1S-1 - 21 February 1969 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Mariner 6 - 25 February 1969 - Mars Flyby
- Apollo 9 - 3 March 1969 - Manned Lunar Lander (LEM) Flight Test
- Mariner 7 - 27 March 1969 - Mars Flyby
- Mars 1969A - 27 March 1969 - Attempted Mars Orbiter (Launch Failure
- Mars 1969B - 2 April 1969 - Attempted Mars Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1969B - 15 April 1969 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return? (Launch Failure)
- Apollo 10 - 18 May 1969 - Manned Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 1969C - 14 June 1969 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return? (Launch Failure)
- Zond L1S-2 - 3 July 1969 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Luna 15 - 13 July 1969 - Lunar Orbiter (Attempted Lunar Lander?)
- Apollo 11 - 16 July 1969 - 1st Manned Lunar Landing
- Zond 7 - 7 August 1969 - Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Cosmos 300 - 23 September 1969 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return?
- Cosmos 305 - 22 October 1969 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return?
- Apollo 12 - 14 November 1969 - Manned Lunar Landing
1970s
- 1970
- Luna 1970A - 6 February 1970 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return? (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1970B - 19 February 1970 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter? (Launch Failure)
- Apollo 13 - 11 April 1970 - Manned Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth (Manned Lunar Landing Aborted)
- Venera 7 - 17 August 1970 - 1st Venus Lander
- Cosmos 359 - 22 August 1970 - Attempted Venus Probe
- Luna 16 - 12 September 1970 - 1st Unmanned Lunar Sample Return
- Zond 8 - 20 October 1970 - Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 - 10 November 1970 - 1st Lunar Rover
- 1971
- Apollo 14 - 31 January 1971 - Manned Lunar Landing
- Mariner 8 - 8 May 1971 - Attempted Mars Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Cosmos 419 - 10 May 1971 - Attempted Mars Orbiter/Lander
- Mariner 9 - 30 May 1971 - 1st Mars Orbiter
- Mars 2 - 19 May 1971 - Attempted Lander/1st Mars Impact
- Mars 3 - 28 May 1971 - Mars Orbiter/1st Mars Lander and 1st Mars Atmospheric Probe
- Apollo 15 - 26 July 1971 - Manned Lunar Landing
- Luna 18 - 2 September 1971 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return
- Luna 19 - 28 September 1971 - Lunar Orbiter
- 1972
- Luna 20 - 14 February 1972 - Lunar Sample Return
- Pioneer 10 - 3 March 1972 - 1st Jupiter Flyby and 1st to leave solar system
- Venera 8 - 27 March 1972 - Venus Probe
- Cosmos 482 - 31 March 1972 - Attempted Venus Probe
- Apollo 16 - 16 April 1972 - Manned Lunar Landing
- Soyuz L3 - 23 November 1972 - Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Apollo 17 - 7 December 1972 - Last Manned Lunar Landing
- 1973
- Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 - 8 January 1973 - Lunar Rover
- Pioneer 11 - 5 April 1973 - Jupiter/1st Saturn Flyby
- Skylab - 14 May 1973 - Manned Earth Orbiter
- Explorer 49 (RAE-B) - 10 June 1973 - Lunar Orbiter/Radio Astronomy
- Mars 4 - 21 July 1973 - Mars Flyby (Attempted Mars Orbiter)
- Mars 5 - 25 July 1973 - Mars Orbiter
- Mars 6 - 5 August 1973 - Mars Lander (Contact Lost)
- Mars 7 - 9 August 1973 - Mars Flyby (Attempted Mars Lander)
- Mariner 10 - 4 November 1973 - Venus Flyby/1st Mercury Flyby
- 1974
- Luna 22 - 2 June 1974 - Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 23 - 28 October 1974 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return
- 1975
- Venera 9 - 8 June 1975 - 1st Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Venera 10 - 14 June 1975 - Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Viking 1 - 20 August 1975 - Mars Orbiter and Lander
- Viking 2 - 9 September 1975 - Mars Orbiter and Lander
- Luna 1975A - 16 October 1975 - Attempted Lunar Sample Return?
- 1976
- Helios 2 - 15 January 1976 - Closest Solar Approach
- Luna 24 - 9 August 1976 - Lunar Sample Return
- 1977
- 1978
1980s
- 1981
- Venera 13 - 30 October 1981 - Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Venera 14 - 4 November 1981 - Venus Orbiter and Lander
- 1983
- 1984
- Vega 1 - 15 December 1984 - Venus Lander and Balloon/Comet Halley Flyby
- Vega 2 - 21 December 1984 - Venus Lander and Balloon/Comet Halley Flyby
- 1985
- 1988
- Phobos 1 - 7 July 1988 - Attempted Mars Orbiter/Phobos Landers
- Phobos 2 - 12 July 1988 - Mars Orbiter/Attempted Phobos Landers
- 1989
1990s
- 1990
- Hiten - 24 January 1990 - Lunar Flyby and Orbiter
- Hubble Space Telescope - 25 April 1990 - Earth Orbiting Observatory
- Ulysses - 6 October 1990 - Jupiter Flyby and Solar Polar Orbiter
- 1992
- Mars Observer - 25 September 1992 - Attempted Mars Orbiter (Contact Lost)
- 1994
- Clementine - 25 January 1994 - Lunar Orbiter/Attempted Asteroid Flyby
- 1995
- SOHO - 2 December 1995 - Solar Observatory
- 1996
- 1997
- Cassini-Huygens - 15 October 1997 - Saturn Orbiter and Titan Probe and Lander, 1st Saturn Orbiter, 1st Titan Lander
- AsiaSat 3/HGS-1 - 24 December 1997 - Lunar Flyby
- 1998
- 1999
2000s
- 2001
- 2002
- CONTOUR - 3 July 2002 - Attempted Fly-by of three Comet Nuclei
- 2003
- Hayabusa (Muses-C) - 9 May 2003 - Asteroid Lander and Sample Return (expected return June 2010)
- Mars Exploration Rovers - 10 June/7 July 2003 - Two Mars Rovers
- Mars Express - 1 June 2003 - Mars Orbiter/Attempted Lander
- SMART 1 - 27 September 2003 - Lunar Orbiter
- 2004
- Rosetta - 2 March 2004 - Comet Orbiter and Lander (expected arrival 2014)
- MESSENGER - 3 August 2004 - Mercury Orbiter (expected arrival 18 March 2011)
- 2005
- 2006
- New Horizons - 19 January 2006 - Pluto/Charon and Kuiper Belt Flyby (expected arrival 14 July 2015)
- Hinode - 22 September 2006 - Solar Orbiter
- STEREO - 26 October 2006 - Two spacecraft, Solar Orbiters
- 2007
- Phoenix - 4 August 2007 - Mars Polar Lander
- Kaguya - 14 September 2007 - Lunar Orbiters
- Dawn - 27 September 2007 - Asteroid Ceres and Vesta Orbiter (expected arrival at Vesta 2011)
- Chang'e 1 - 24 October 2007 - Lunar Orbiter
- 2008
- 2009
- Kepler Mission - 7 March 2009 - Extrasolar Terrestrial Planet Detection Mission
Planned or scheduled
- 2009
- 2010
- 2011
- 2012
- LEO - 2012 - Lunar Orbiter
- Luna-Glob - 2012 - Russian lunar orbiter, impactors, lander
- unknown - 2012 - Chinese lunar rover
- 2013
- 2015
- 2016
- 2017
- unknown - 2017 - Chinese robotic lunar sample return mission
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
See also
External links
Text from Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.
Published in July 2009.
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